Learning path

Knowledge Hub

From lightning concepts to low-voltage power-line SPD products—a structured guide for engineers, panel builders, and local partners.

2. Surge Phenomena & Overvoltages · Page 2 of 6

Sources of Surges in LV Networks

Lightning, switching, faults, and electrostatic events.

External sources

Lightning (direct and induced)
Utility switching and capacitor banks
Faults on the MV/LV network

Internal sources

Large motor starting / stopping
Inductive load switching
Arc faults and poor contacts

Mapping sources to protection

Entrance SPDs focus on external energy. Local SPDs near panels and equipment address residual and internally generated transients.

← What Is a Transient Surge?

Insulation Coordination Basics →

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