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From lightning concepts to low-voltage power-line SPD products—a structured guide for engineers, panel builders, and local partners.

3. Low-Voltage Power System Basics · Page 4 of 6

Neutral and Protective Earth Roles

Why N and PE mistakes create both shock and surge problems.

Keep functions clear

Neutral carries load current. PE is for safety and fault current. Mixing them casually defeats both shock protection and surge equipotential design.

SPD earth connection

The PE terminal of an SPD must reach the main earthing bar via a short, straight conductor. Long coiled earth leads add inductive voltage that appears across equipment.

MEN / bonding links

At the service position, bonding rules are defined by local wiring codes. SPD design must follow those rules, not invent a parallel earthing philosophy.

← MDB, SDB and Final Circuits

Short-Circuit Levels and Backup Protection →

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